Linux hangs on btrfs - I had to restart, respectively, the fs has flown. The problem is that the Disk is visible in the BIOS, grub cannot start it, what it writes - I cannot say now. everything seems to be understandable, but the strangeness is this, trying to start Ubuntu or Xubuntu of different versions from USB got a deadlock while loading (where the logo and the download circle are). As soon as the SSD was removed from the system, everything began to load as it should. Everything would be fine with the disk, but there are a lot of necessary files, you need to somehow download them, how can this be done if the livecd hangs and the Windows do not see it? And what could be the problem of freezes? (SSD is connected to laptop instead of DVD-ROM)
2 answers
Try to connect the SSD to the computer, in the BIOS of which there is a hot connection mode (almost all motherboards on the 1150th socket, but it would be nice to clarify anyway). First, download any Linux from the flash drive \ network \ drive, and then connect the SSD. Adapter on the advice of @ alexander-barakin is also an option. If you have friends who have an external screw Seagete GoFlex - ask for the removed part for a while.
most likely, it will be possible to get even at least some of the information only with the help of special equipment.
but you can try another option: connect the disk to an already running system through some interface that allows “hot plugging”.
for example, usb , using the sata-usb adapter