How were the bits formed? With the help of what they were originally obtained?

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Bit - stores one of two values ​​- 0 or 1. They were formed from the electrical circuit: 1 - there is a charge or voltage, 0 - there is no charge or voltage. These states are atomic and can not be further divided.

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    In general, Claude Shannon coined the term "bit" in 1948 before the electrical circuit, as we now understand them, and this is a mathematical concept. Its use in electronic machines is already an applied application of information theory. - Mike
  • Mathematically, it is possible to make a reference to Blue in the XIX century, someone probably worked before, but still in the context of the question it seems to me to consider the bit more correctly from an engineering point of view, and with the exception of early semaphores (where such a term does not even seem to be used) , bits are connected with electrical circuits. - cheops
  • Rather, all the same general theory of information. The machine can also be mechanically made (it was even made this way) and there was also a bit on it, as the minimum unit of information. - Mike
  • ... plus on the physical level, a single cell can easily be stored several bits at a time (see MLC), then the concept of a bit becomes purely abstract. - D-side
  • Now, yes, but if our technologies were available in the middle of the last century, we would most likely have a different development of computer technology and other terms. If a breakthrough in the field of quantum computing happens and we get quantum special functions in our hands, then a qualitative leap will occur not even in the computer field, but in scientific and technical progress, comparable to the massive use of electricity or internal combustion engines. This will lead to a completely different terminology. The bit is still the terminology of the last century and it went down in history precisely as a state in electrical circuits. - cheops