How to break a string into separate characters?

data already a sequence ( data[i] works). Nothing to call.

For example, to print each character on a separate line:

 for char in text: print(char) 

What can be print('\n'.join(text)) down: print('\n'.join(text)) . If you need a Python list, then just chars = list(text) .

If you are working with text, use Unicode. Unicode strings in Python are immutable character sequences ( Unicode code points ).

User-visible letters (grapheme clusters) can consist of several characters, for example, a letter can be represented as a sequence of two characters: U + 435 U + 308 in Unicode— u'\u0435\u0308' in Python:

 >>> print(u'\u0435\u0308') ё 

Each character can be represented in different encodings with one or several bytes, for example, the letter я (U + 044F) can be encoded in two bytes: 11010001 10001111 in utf-8 encoding:

 >>> print(u'\u044f') я >>> u'\u044f'.encode('utf-8') b'\xd1\x8f' # два байта: 209, 143 

Bytes / byte string ( bytes type) is an unchangeable byte sequence in Python.

str type is bytes in Python 2. str is Unicode in Python 3.

In addition, there is the concept of code unit (8 bits in utf-8, 16 bits in utf-16). Javascript strings can often be thought of as utf-16 code unit sequences ( may matter when transferring functionality to Python ), for example, a smiley 😂 (U + 1F602) character is represented as two code unit: D83D DE02 in utf-16 (BE) encoding:

 >>> print(u'\U0001F602') 😂 >>> u'\U0001F602'.encode('utf-16be') b'\xd8=\xde\x02' # четыре байта: 216, 61, 222, 2 

That is, if you have text represented as str in Python 3 (Unicode), then you can treat it as different sequences depending on the task:

 >>> import regex # $ pip install regex >>> text = 'я 😂 ё' # 6 code points >>> print(ascii(text)) '\u044f \U0001f602 \u0435\u0308' >>> regex.findall(r'\X', text) # 5 grapheme clusters ['я', ' ', '😂', ' ', 'ё'] # 5 user-perceived characters >>> utf16codeunits(text) # 7 utf-16 code units (1103, 32, 55357, 56834, 32, 1077, 776) >>> text.encode('utf-16be') # 14 bytes in utf-16 b'\x04O\x00 \xd8=\xde\x02\x00 \x045\x03\x08' >>> text.encode('utf-8') # 12 bytes in utf-8 b'\xd1\x8f \xf0\x9f\x98\x82 \xd0\xb5\xcc\x88' 

where utf16codeunits() .

For a start, the question is - why break something? If you need to refer to each character separately, you can do it like this:

 data[i] 

and on the topic: .split works like this:

 arr = data.split('<символ(ы) для разделения>') 

the array arr is obtained. If you put a character to separate "" (space), then in the array you will have three elements.

Here is your real question: How to make frequency analysis of the occurrence of symbols

On the pseudo-code (he is JS) so:

 str = "содержание_вашего_файла" res = []; for ( var i = 0; i < str.length; i++ ){ var ch = str[ i ]; if ( !res[ ch ] ) res[ ch ] = 1; else res[ ch ]++; } 

Code analysis.

 text = 'hello world' unique_letters = set(text) analize = {} for letter in unique_letters: analize[letter] = text.count(letter) print analize # => {' ': 1, 'e': 1, 'd': 1, 'h': 1, 'l': 3, 'o': 2, 'r': 1, 'w': 1} 

 import collections, io stats = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0) with open('some.txt', 'r') as fp: for line in fp: for char in line: stats[char] += 1 

Or so as not to produce nested loops:

 import collections, io from itertools import chain stats = collections.defaultdict(lambda: 0) with open('some.txt', 'r') as fp: for char in chain.from_iterable(fp): stats[char] += 1 

It will be great to work on an array of any size through a generator expression. The array is not loaded into memory:

  text = 'hello world'
 indecies = set ( text )
 values = ( text . count ( letter ) for letter in indecies )
 analize = dict ( zip ( indecies , values ) )

In quotes, a character that separates characters:

 s=input() l=list(''.join(s)) print(l) 

 rgbycm ['r', 'g', 'b', 'y', 'c', 'm'] 

To simply print the characters separated by a space without square brackets and quotes:

 s=input() l=' '.join(s) print(l) 

 rgbycm rgbycm