Please tell me whether it is possible to implement the application in a browser on java without reloading the page, or it can be done only on js. For example, write a chat on the swing and how to display it in the browser, or a browser toy!

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    Well, something can be done. First, there are java applets. Secondly, there is gwt, this is "let's write javascript code in java". But in practice, to put it mildly, not very convenient technologies - Duck Learns to Take Cover
  • Take a look at Vaadin. - Nofate ♦
  • JavaFX + WebView - you can write your browser. And for the actual "application in the browser" - use the features of JS + HTML5 and CSS3. A good back-end REST API and a competent front are a human application. - DimXenon

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Of the more or less relevant solutions - only GWT (Google Web Toolkit), it is still written good "Single Page Apps" in the browser. Java FX and even more Java Javats have already lost their popularity.

Google Chrome has stopped supporting Java Applets ( http://www.java.com/ru/download/faq/chrome.xml ).

In general, I would not recommend any of these solutions and choose a bundle from React / Angular / or another popular framework + JS (ES6 + Babel) / Typescript as a development language.