There are several main types of neural networks that are used to solve some types of tasks. Very, very briefly :
FFNN The direct distribution network is the simplest and is mainly used for analyzing data in which a repeating pattern can be identified.
RNN Recurrent Neural Network - a network that makes a conclusion based not only on real data but also on past ones. Used where it is important to take into account the influence of several factors.
LSTM Network with long and short memory is a subspecies of recurrent networks, but unlike conventional recurrent networks, it can remember data for a long period in other words to understand the context.
CNN Convolutional Neural Network - NA which processes data using filters and direct distribution network.
Answering your question:
1 and 2 - LSTM . All that is connected with speech processing and text analysis needs context, and by default a sentence is a consistent arrangement of words that are related to each other in meaning.
3 - FFNN . I did not quite understand the essence, but if the logic is to set the temperature, depending on a set of factors, then the network of direct distribution is best suited.
4 - Either FFNN or RNN , depending on the complexity and "predictability" of the graph.
5 - CNN . All that is connected with object recognition and photo or video analysis, a convolutional neural network is always used.