If in doubt, follow simple and objective guidelines at the end of this answer.

For beginners

• Stephen Randy Davis - C ++ for Dummies, 7th edition
• Siddhartha Rao - Master yourself C ++ one hour a day
• Bruce Ekkel - C ++ Philosophy. Introduction to Standard C ++
• Bruce Ekkel - C ++ Philosophy. Practical programming
• Stanley Lippman, Josie Lajoye, Barbara E. Mu - C ++ Programming Language. Introductory Course (C ++ Primer)
• Stanley Lippman - Basics of C ++ Programming. Volume 1 (Essential C ++)
• Robert LaFore - Object-Oriented Programming in C ++
• Bjarne Stroustrup (Bjarne Stroustrup) - Programming. Principles and practice using C ++. 2nd ed. (Programming: Principles and Practice Using C ++)
• Andrew Koenig, Barbara E. Moo (Andrew Koenig, Barbara E. Moo) - Effective C ++ programming. A series of books "C ++ In-Depth", 2002 ( Accelerated C ++: Practical Programming by Example, 2000 )
  Tutorial on C ++ basics for those who already have some programming experience in other languages.
• Herbert Shieldt - C ++ Basic Course
  It is believed that this book contains a lot of inaccuracies and errors. However, it is popular in the role of a book for elementary education.

For intermediate level

• Nicolai M. Josuttis - C ++ Standard Library: Reference Manual, 2nd Edition, 2014 ( The C ++ Standard Library - A Tutorial and Reference, 2nd Edition, 2012 )
• Scott Meyers - 55 sure tips to improve the structure and code of your programs (Effective C ++: 55 Specific Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs)
• Scott Meyers - The most effective use of C ++. 35 new recommendations for improving your programs and projects (More Effective C ++: 35 New Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs)
• Coat of Arms Sutter - Solving Difficult C ++ Tasks (Exceptional C ++: 47 Engineering Puzzles, Programming Problems, and Solutions.)
• Coat of Arms Sutter - New Challenges in C ++ (More Exceptional C ++: 40 New Engineering Puzzles, Programming Problems, and Solutions)
• Bjarne Stroustrup (Bjarne Stroustrup) - C programming language (The C ++ Programming Language)
• Andrei Alexandrescu - Modern C ++ Design (Modern C ++ Design: Generic Programming and Design Patterns Applied)
• Coat of Arms Satter, Andrei Aleksandrescu - C ++ Programming Standards

For high level

• Bjarne Stroustrup (Bjarne Stroustrup) - Design and Evolution of C ++ (The Design and Evolution of C ++)
• Stanley Lippman - (Inside the C ++ Object Model)
• Scott Meyers - Efficient and Modern C ++ (Effective Modern C ++)
• Peter Gottschling - Modern C ++ for Programmers, Engineers, and Scientists (Discovering Modern C ++: A Concise Introduction for Scientists and Engineers (C ++ In-Depth Series))
• Kurt Gunterot - Optimizing C ++ Programs
• David Vandevourd, Nicolai M. Josattis, Douglas Gregor C ++ Patterns. Developer's Reference, 2nd Edition
• Anthony Williams - Parallel C ++ Programming in Action

Documentation

Where can I get the standard C ++?

• E.A. Zuev, A.A. Chuprinov Standard C ++: translation, comments, examples. - Moscow: YOUR FORMAT LLC. - 2016 - 888 s.

A few words about choosing books from the StackOverflow community

All the books presented here are good enough ( @avp confirms that there are good books on programming). We tried to group them into categories of complexity based on our own subjective opinion. We try to have only good books in the list, but we cannot choose the best one for you. Try to read different books and find it yourself. If it is difficult - take it easier, boring - more difficult.

@Vlad recommends: if you cannot choose yourself, take a book with a number equal to your birthday.% Size of the list.

Another @Igumnov asked me to convey that it would be better for you to learn C ++ not in the first language. @PashaPash thinks that it is possible to be the first, but in no case a C before C ++!

I hope our subjective and contradictory opinions have helped you to understand the basic idea: you have to decide for yourself what to read and what to learn. The perfect book you need can be selected only by you. Sincerely, @NickVolynkin.

Here is a map for you to navigate (the image is clickable):