It is necessary in this query to attach goods, but so that they are joining the last level of the hierarchy.
SELECT k.Kls_unicode ,k.Kls_Name AS '1' ,ka2.Kls_Name AS '2' ,ka3.Kls_Name AS '3' ,ka4.Kls_Name AS '4' ,ka5.kls_name AS '5' ,ka6.Kls_Name AS '6' ,CASE WHEN k.Kls_Level = 0 AND k.Kls_Parent = 0 THEN k.kls_name WHEN k.Kls_UniCode = ka2.Kls_Parent THEN ka2.Kls_Name WHEN ka2.Kls_Parent = ka3.Kls_UniCode THEN ka3.Kls_Name WHEN ka3.Kls_Parent = ka4.Kls_UniCode THEN ka4.Kls_Name WHEN ka4.Kls_Parent = ka5.Kls_UniCode THEN ka5.Kls_Name WHEN ka5.Kls_Parent = ka6.Kls_UniCode THEN ka6.Kls_Name END FROM Kls_All AS k LEFT JOIN Kls_All AS ka2 ON ka2.kls_parent = k.Kls_UniCode LEFT JOIN Kls_All AS ka3 ON ka3.kls_parent = ka2.Kls_UniCode LEFT JOIN Kls_All AS ka4 ON ka4.kls_parent = ka3.Kls_UniCode LEFT JOIN Kls_All AS ka5 ON ka5.kls_parent = ka4 .Kls_UniCode LEFT JOIN Kls_All AS ka6 ON ka6.kls_parent = ka5.Kls_UniCode LEFT JOIN KlsCmpLnk AS kcl ON kcl.Kls_UniCode = k.Kls_UniCode WHERE k.Kls_Level = 0 AND k.Kls_Parent = 0 AND k.Kls_Name LIKE '%область применения%' ORDER BY k.Kls_Name 
CASEeasily replaced byCOALESCE(ka6.Kls_Name, ka5.Kls_Name, ka4.Kls_Name, ka3.Kls_Name, ka2.Kls_Name, ka.Kls_Name,), not? All the more so because "according to the last" ... - Akina