More likely no than yes.
View the System.Web.Optimization code. ScriptBundle and StyleBundle have an overload that accepts not only virtualPath, but also cdnPath (the path is not on the local file system, but on the Internet).
public StyleBundle(string virtualPath) /// <summary>Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="T:System.Web.Optimization.StyleBundle" /> class with virtual path and CDN path for the bundle. </summary> /// <param name="virtualPath">A virtual path for the bundle.</param> /// <param name="cdnPath">A CDN path for the bundle.</param> public StyleBundle(string virtualPath, string cdnPath)
This is not exactly what you are asking, it is for working with a CDN . In this case, in debug you will use the local file, and in release - from the Internet.
If the files are located ONLY on the Internet, then you better dispense with the BundleConfig mechanism and place the links directly in the code, for example, as in this answer .