Do not advise languages, but principles, principles, books.

Closed due to the fact that the question is too general for the participants BOPOH , Athari , zb ' , atwice , AseN 12 Apr '15 at 0:03 .

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    Take it and try it. - Oleg

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Programming should start learning from English =)

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    To begin, enough information in Russian. English is already needed for in-depth study in order to study information that cannot be found in Russian. Of course, it will come in handy to correctly name variables and functions. I believe that the knowledge of the school program of the English language + vocabulary for unfamiliar words is enough for programming. Technical texts are much easier to perceive than fiction, and special knowledge of grammar is not required. - gammaker

Basics and principles? You learn them when you do programming. There is a good book by R.Laufort "Object-Oriented Programming in C ++".

    I see no reason to study the empty principles of programming. If you do not know a single language, you will hardly understand something. The principles of programming are studied along with the language. After studying a language, it is already possible to study some tricks (which in C ++ are most often “crutches”) and design patterns (for example, according to A. Alexandrescu's book “Modern Design in C ++”).

      I recommend first to get a good basic education in any language in courses at http://www.INTUIT.ru (this is the “Internet University” - about 12-17 topics with credits in any of the courses) and if you have enough attitude to do it, it means you our person.

        I decided to study pure C as a second language, so I’ll buy a two-volume book Practice and Programming Theory . The content of the second volume you can see here , I think, this is quite enough for a start.

        • @Angry Bird link with the word "here" does not go where it should, bug? (why I unpacked it completely) - Merlin

        I can give you good advice: before reading a book, read reviews about it, look at ratings, for example, on Amazon. In general, as recommended here: start better with Tanenbaum, Viniera. For C ++, I recommend LaforĂŞt, then two Ekkel Philosophy C ++ volumes, then Scott Meyers: his three books Effective C ++ etc (my favorite author), Sutter. Of course, read, but later Fowler.