I suggest going through vectors. Below we use the rectangular Cartesian coordinate system with the origin at the point A(0; 0) , the horizontal axis Ax and the vertical axis Ay .
Vector АF = k vector AD . Vector АG = k vector AE .
Vector AD = (xD - xA; yD - yA) = (xD, yD ). Vector AE = (xE - xA, yE - yA) = (xE, yE) .
The coefficient of proportionality k is equal to the ratio of the lengths of the vectors AF and AD , where the length AF is equal to the known radius R circle shown in bold dotted lines. And the length of the vector AD is equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of the coordinates of this vector, that is, the length AD = (xD^2 + yD^2)^0.5 .
Knowing k , we find AF = (k*xD; k*yD) .
Knowing the coordinates of the vector AF and the coordinates of its beginning And you can find the coordinates of its end, adding the corresponding coordinates of the vector and the beginning. Given that the beginning of the vector coincides with the origin, we conclude that the point F has coordinates (k*xD; k*yD) , where k=R/(xD^2 + yD^2)^0.5
Similarly, G has coordinates (k*xG, k*yG) .